phosphatidic acid + polar compound (ethanolamine, inositol, choline, serine).Glycerophospholipids = glycerol + 2 FA + phosphate group + hydrophilic compound are esters of glycerol and 3 fatty acids ester bond Diacylglycerol = glycerol + 2 FA Monoacylglycerol = glycerol + 1 FA Lipases = enzymes that hydrolyze ester bondsĬomplex lipids The figure was adopted from: J.Koolman, K.H.Röhm / Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Thieme 2005Ĭomplex lipids A) PHOSPHOLIPIDS.Triacylglycerols (neutral fats)‏ ester bond Arachidonic acid ω-6 Human organism is not able to introduce double bonds into the end sections of FA (after C-9)‏.are FA that have to be supplied in the diet Polyunsaturated FA:.Greek letters (ω) are also commonly used:.Arachidonic acid 20:4, positions 5, 8, 11, 14.Linolenic acid 18:3, positions 9, 12, 15.Stearic acid CH3-(CH2)16-COOHUnsaturated FA.The figure was adopted from: J.Koolman, K.H.Röhm / Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition the number of C atoms in the longer, natural FA is always even(synthesis from acetyl residues).in higher plants and animals, unbranched, longchain FA with either 16 or 18 C atoms are the most common (palmitic and stearic acid)‏.free fatty acids (FFAs) = unesterified forms of FA.in fats or membrane lipids they are esterified with alcohols (glycerol, sphingosine)‏.are carboxylic acids with unbranched hydrocarbon chains of 4 – 24 C atoms.long chain carboxylic acids (= fatty acids) The figures were adopted from.sfingosine (unsaturated C18 aminoalcohol).Structural components of lipids a) a) a) b) Steroids: sterols, bile acids, steroid hormones Figure is found on.special tasks – signaling functions, hormones.Ĭlassification of lipids I.lipids are excellent insulators (subcutaneous tissue and around various organs)‏.amphipathic lipids are building blocks of cellular membranes.lipids are important source of energy – they serve as metabolic fuel (ATP production)‏.

They are easily dissolved in organic solvents but they are insoluble or poorly soluble in water. Lipids Lipids are a large and heterogenous group of substances of biological origin.

Structure of lipids download